Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | |
Prevalence | Common, increasing | Increasing |
Age at presentation | Throughout childhood | Puberty |
Onset | Typically acute severe | Insidious to severe |
Ketosis at onset | Common | 5 to 10%* |
Affected relative | 5 to 10% | 75 to 90% |
Female:male | 1:1 | Approximately 2:1 |
Inheritance | Polygenic | Polygenic |
HLA-DR3/4 | Strong association | No association |
Ethnicity | Most common in non-Hispanic White people | All¶ |
Insulin secretion | Decreased/absent | Variable |
Insulin sensitivity | Normal when controlled | Decreased |
Insulin dependence | Permanent | Variable |
Obese or overweight | 20 to 25% overweightΔ | >80% obese |
Acanthosis nigricans | 12%◊ | 50 to 90%◊ |
Pancreatic antibodies | Yes§ | No¥ |
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