Infiltration anesthetic | Concentration (percent) | Physiochemical properties | Maximum allowable dose* | Maximum total dose* | ||||
Lipid:water solubility | Relative potency | Onset of action (minutes) | Duration (minutes) | mg/kg | mL/kg | mg (equivalent solution volume) | ||
Lidocaine 1% | ||||||||
Without epinephrine | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 2 to 5 | 50 to 120 | 4 to 5 | 0.4 to 0.5 | 300 (30 mL of 1%) |
With epinephrine (1:200,000) | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 2 to 5 | 60 to 180 | 5 to 7 | 0.5 to 0.7 | 500 (50 mL of 1%) |
Mepivacaine 1% | ||||||||
Without epinephrine | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 2 to 5 | 50 to 120 | 5 | 0.5 | 300 (30 mL of 1%) |
With epinephrine¶ (1:200,000) | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 2 to 5 | 60 to 180 | 5 to 7 | 0.5 to 0.7 | 500 (50 mL of 1%) |
Bupivacaine 0.25% | ||||||||
Without epinephrine | 0.25 | 27.5 | 8 | 5 to 10 | 240 to 480 | 2 to 2.5 | 0.8 | 175 (70 mL of 0.25%) |
With epinephrine (1:200,000) | 0.25 | 27.5 | 8 | 5 to 10 | 240 to 480 | 3 | 1.2 | 225 (90 mL of 0.25%) |
Procaine 1%Δ | ||||||||
Without epinephrine | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 5 to 10 | 60 to 90 | 7 to 10 | 0.7 to 1 | 500 (50 mL of 1%) |
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