Differential diagnosis of papilledema

Bilateral disc abnormalities*

Increased intracranial pressure

Pseudopapilledema

Malignant hypertension

Diabetic papillopathy

Others (hyperviscosity, toxins)

Unilateral disc abnormalities*

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Papillitis, neuroretinitis

Sarcoidosis

Central retinal vein occlusion

Papillophlebitis

Malignancy

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy

Other causes (low intraocular pressure, ocular injury, radiation)

* There is some overlap between the two categories. Entities are classified here as to whether they are more usually bilateral versus unilateral.

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