Grades III to IV hypertensive retinopathy with severely elevated blood pressures |
Cerebrovascular |
Hypertensive encephalopathy |
Atherothrombotic brain infarction with severe hypertension |
Intracerebral hemorrhage |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
Cardiac |
Acute aortic dissection |
Acute left ventricular failure |
Acute or impending myocardial infarction |
After coronary bypass surgery |
Renal |
Acute glomerulonephritis |
Renal crises from collagen vascular diseases |
Severe hypertension after kidney transplantation |
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia |
Excessive circulating catecholamines |
Pheochromocytoma crisis |
Food or drug interactions with monoamine-oxidase inhibitors |
Sympathomimetic drug use (cocaine) |
Rebound hypertension after sudden cessation of antihypertensive drugs |
Eclampsia |
Surgical |
Severe hypertension in patients requiring immediate surgery |
Postoperative hypertension |
Postoperative bleeding from vascular suture lines |
Severe body burns |
Severe epistaxis |
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