Incidence of early- and late-onset neonatal invasive group B streptococcal disease: Active Bacterial Core surveillance areas (1990 to 2021)

This figure summarizes incidence rates for early- and late-onset neonatal invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in the United States from 1990 to 2021 as reported by the Active Bacterial Core surveillance program of the CDC. Rates of early-onset GBS infections have declined since the early 1990s due to adoption of universal screening of pregnant individuals for GBS colonization and widespread use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). These practices were first endorsed by ACOG and the AAP in 1993; the CDC released formal guidelines for GBS prevention in 1996, which were endorsed by ACOG and the AAP. While rates of early-onset GBS disease declined following publication of these guidelines, the incidence of late-onset GBS disease has remained relatively stable since 1990.