Hypothalamic stimulatory hormones | Pituitary hormones |
Corticotropin-releasing hormone - 41 amino acids; released from paraventricular neurons as well as supraoptic and arcuate nuclei and limbic system | Corticotropin - basophilic corticotrophs represent 20% of cells in anterior pituitary; ACTH is product of POMC gene. |
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone - alternate product of POMC gene | |
Endorphins - also products of POMC gene | |
Growth hormone-releasing hormone - two forms, 40 and 44 amino acids | Growth hormone - acidophilic somatotrophs represent 50% of cells in anterior pituitary |
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - 10 amino acids; mostly released from preoptic neurons | Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone - gonadotrophs represent approximately 15% of anterior pituitary cells |
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - three amino acids; released from anterior hypothalamic area | Thyroid-stimulating hormone - thyrotropes represent approximately 5% of anterior pituitary cells |
Prolactin-releasing factors - include serotonin, acetylcholine, opiates, and estrogens | Prolactin - lactotrophs represent 10 to 30% of anterior pituitary cells |
Hypothalamic inhibitory hormones | |
Somatostatin - 14 amino acids | Inhibits the release of growth hormone |
Prolactin-inhibiting factors - includes dopamine | Major prolactin control is inhibitory |
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