Assessment of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway by flow cytometry

Normal individuals show induction of TNF-alpha in monocytes upon LPS stimulation. Individuals with IRAK-4 deficiency do not show optimal TNF-alpha expression.

IRAK-4: interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.

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