Conditions associated with gynecomastia

Physiological

Infancy

Puberty

Aging

Pathologic

Drugs

Cirrhosis or malnutrition

Male hypogonadism - primary or secondary

Tumors

Testicular - germ cell, Leydig cell, Sertoli cell, sex cord

Adrenal - adenoma or carcinoma

Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin

Hyperthyroidism

Chronic kidney disease and dialysis

Rare causes

Enzymatic defects of testosterone production*

Androgen-insensitivity syndromes*

True hermaphroditism*

Aromatase excess syndrome

* These conditions are usually associated with ambiguity of genitalia or deficient virilization.

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