Medications |
Amino salicylic acid (also called p-aminosalicylic acid or 4-aminosalicylic acid) |
Clofazimine |
Chloroquine |
Dapsone |
Local anesthetics, topical sprays and creams including benzocaine (in teething rings and ointments), lidocaine, and prilocaine |
Menadione |
Metoclopramide |
Methylene blue* |
Nitroglycerin |
Phenacetin |
Phenazopyridine |
Primaquine |
Rasburicase¶ |
Quinones |
Sulfonamides |
Foods and beverages |
Frozen or dried foods that use nitrites or sodium nitrate as a preservative |
Mushrooms |
Root vegetables, leafy-green vegetables, other vegetables |
Well water (contains nitrates) |
Chemicals and environmental substances |
Acetanilide (used in varnishes, rubber, and dyes) |
Anilines and aniline dyes (eg, diaper and laundry marking inks, leather dyes, red wax crayons) |
Antifreeze |
Benzene derivatives (used as solvents) |
Chlorates and chromates (used in chemical and industrial synthesis) |
Hydrogen peroxide (used as a disinfectant and cleaner) |
Naphthalene (used in mothballs) |
Naphthoquinone (used in chemical synthesis) |
Nitrates and nitrites (eg, amyl nitrite, farryl nitrite, sodium nitrite, nitric oxide). Sodium nitrate is used as a food curing salt and has been ingested during suicide attempts. |
Nitrogen-based fertilizers (runoff) |
Nitrobenzene (used as a solvent) |
Paraquat (used in herbicides) |
Resorcinol (used in resin melting and wood extraction) |
G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
* While methylene blue is a recognized treatment for methemoglobinemia, it also has oxidant potential and may worsen the clinical status of individuals with G6PD deficiency because it induces acute hemolysis that can further decrease oxygen delivery to the tissues. In high doses, methylene blue can paradoxically increase methemoglobinemia.
¶ Risk of methemoglobinemia with rasburicase is especially high in individuals with G6PD deficiency; rasburicase should be avoided in these individuals.Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?