Agent (disease) | Primary vector(s) | Approximate distribution¶ | Incubation period (days) | Common initial signs and symptoms | Common laboratory abnormalities | Rash | Case-fatality rate |
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) | Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) in Arizona[3] | Widespread in the United States, especially South-Atlantic and South-Central states | 2 to 14 | Fever, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, anorexia, and headache | Thrombocytopenia, mild hyponatremia, and mildly elevated hepatic transaminase levels | Maculopapular rash approximately 2 to 4 days after fever onset in about 90 percentΔ of patients; might involve palms and soles | 5 to 10 percent |
Ehrlichia chaffeensis (human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis) | Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) | South and Mid-Atlantic, North/South-Central United States, and isolated areas of New England | 5 to 14 | Fever, headache, malaise, and myalgia | Leukopenia, thromobocytopenia, and elevated serum transaminase levels | Rash in <30 percent of adults and approximately 60 percent of children | 2 to 3 percent |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis) | Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (blacklegged tick) in the United States | New England, North-Central and Pacific states | 5 to 21 | Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, and vomiting | Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum transaminase levels | Rare | <1 percent |
Ehrlichia ewingii infection | Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) | South-Atlantic and South-Central United States to isolated areas of New England | 5 to 14 | Fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting | Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum transaminase levels | Rare | No documented fatalities |
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