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Syndromes associated with potential agents of bioterrorism

Syndromes associated with potential agents of bioterrorism
Febrile respiratory illness/pneumonia Prominent skin or lymph node findings
  • Bacillus anthracis (inhalational anthrax)
  • Yersinia pestis (pneumonic plague)
  • Francisella tularensis (pulmonic tularemia)
  • Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)
  • Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis)
  • Ricin toxin (inhaled)
  • Variola major (smallpox)
  • Bacillus anthracis (cutaneous anthrax)
  • Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague)
  • Francisella tularensis (ulceroglandular tularemia)
  • Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens
Systemic febrile illness and/or shock Neurologic deficits*
  • Yersinia pestis (septicemic plague)
  • Francisella tularensis (typhoidal tularemia)
  • Ebola, Marburg, Lassa viruses (viral hemorrhagic fever)
  • Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
  • Brucella spp (brucellosis)
  • Burkholderia mallei (glanders)
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)
  • Rickettsia prowazekii (typhus)
  • Ricin toxin
  • Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
  • Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism)
  • Alphaviruses (viral encephalitis)
Gastrointestinal disease
  • Ricin toxin (ingested)
  • Salmonella spp
  • Shigella dysenteriae
  • Escherichia coli O157:H7
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
This table outlines the clinical syndromes most commonly associated with pathogens that have the highest concern for use in bioterrorism (Category A and B agents). However, agents engineered for bioterrorism may result in clinical presentations distinct from their natural infections.

* Several Category A and B bacterial pathogens can also present with meningitis, such as B. anthracis, Y. pestis, and Brucella spp.

¶ These include Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis.
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