Urinary monitoring system (eg, spontaneous, external or internal catheter)
Nasogastric tube insertion
Oxygen and ventilator settings and adjustments
Imaging studies
Specialized/invasive
Arterial catheter
Central venous catheter
Pulmonary arterial catheter
Intubation and extubation
Tracheostomy
Bronchoscopy and endoscopy
Thoracentesis
Paracentesis
Lumbar puncture
Although variation exists, consent is not often obtained for routine monitoring procedures but may be listed in "blanket" consent forms. Specialized procedures (such as ECMO cannula insertion, hemodialysis catheter insertion, pericardial drain insertion, and intracranial catheter insertion) are less commonly performed by critical care clinicians and more commonly performed by subspecialists and may not be covered in bundled or blanket consent forms.
ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU: intensive care unit.