Clinical use | Drug class | Medication | Dose (adult) |
Most common: Diffuse, widespread pain without major comorbid mood or sleep disturbances | Tricyclics* and related medications | Amitriptyline |
|
Cyclobenzaprine |
| ||
Severe fatigue and/or depression¶ | Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) | Duloxetine |
|
Milnacipran |
| ||
Prominent sleep disturbance¶ | Alpha 2 ligands | PregabalinΔ |
|
GabapentinΔ |
|
* The use of tricyclics may be limited by anticholinergic effects (eg, dryness, urinary retention), central nervous system depression, and orthostatic hypotension to which older adults are particularly susceptible. Use of low doses and gradual titration as listed above may improve tolerability.
¶ Patients with major mental health disorders and/or primary sleep disorders (eg, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome) should be referred for appropriate treatment of these comorbid conditions.
Δ Clearance of pregabalin and gabapentin is highly dependent upon kidney function; refer to drug monographs for specific dose adjustments in chronic kidney disease and age-related declining kidney function.