Neurotoxic snakebite envenomation (select species of cobra, krait, viper, coral snakes) |
Baclofen |
Bupropion |
Benzodiazepines (alprazolam, lorazepam)* |
Barbiturates (pentobarbital) |
Antiseizure medications (valproic acid¶, carbamazepine¶) |
Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, doxepin, amoxapine) |
Alcohols (ethanol, ethylene glycol¶) |
Organophosphates (phorate, thiacloprid) |
Magnesium |
Meprobamate |
Zolpidem |
Bretylium |
Lidocaine |
Neuromuscular blocking agents (succinylcholine, tetrodotoxin) |
* Other sedative/hypnotic/antipsychotic agents in massive overdose can also mimic brain death.
¶ Isolated reports of cerebral edema on neuroimaging with full or partial recovery.Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?