Historical |
Previous PPH |
Previous cesarean or other uterine surgery |
Family history of PPH in the maternal line (eg, mother, sister) |
Maternal characteristics |
Obesity |
High parity |
Conception by assisted reproductive technology |
Anemia |
Obstetric factors in the current pregnancy |
Antepartum |
Uterine overdistention (eg, multiple gestation, polyhydramnios) |
Large for gestational age |
Fetal demise |
Large leiomyoma |
Postterm pregnancy |
Use of some drugs (uterine relaxants, antithrombotic medications, antidepressants [particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors]) |
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy |
Intrapartum |
Prolonged labor/induction |
Protraction or arrest disorder |
Precipitous labor |
Chorioamnionitis |
Coagulation disorder/bleeding diathesis (eg, thrombocytopenia) |
Placental abnormalities (previa, accreta spectrum, abruption) |
Intrapartum cesarean (especially in the second stage) |
Forceps- or vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery |
Uterine inversion |
Couvelaire uterus |
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