E/A: ratio of Doppler peak velocity of early diastolic inflow to to peak velocity of atrial diastolic inflow; IVC: inferior vena cava; HV: hepatic vein; e': early diastolic pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging at septal or lateral basal region; CP: constrictive pericarditis; CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; CCT: cardiac computed tomography; RCM: restrictive cardiomyopathy.
* The HV expiratory diastolic flow reversal ratio is defined as the expiratory hepatic vein diastolic reversal velocity/forward velocity.
¶ Annulus reversus and strain reversus can be assessed only in the absence of a lateral wall motion abnormality. Annulus reversus is a ratio of lateral e' velocity to septal e' velocity <1. Strain reversus is a left ventricular lateral wall strain to left ventricular septal wall strain ratio <0.96.
Δ Cardiac catheterization is occasionally needed, particularly if CMR and/or CCT are unavailable or nondiagnostic.Adapted from:
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