Underlying mechanism | Medical condition |
Reduced capacity to make antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide | Genetically determined agammaglobulinemia |
Genetically determined hyporesponsiveness to pneumococcal polysaccharides | |
Acquired ("common variable") hypogammaglobulinemia | |
Selective IgG subclass deficiency | |
Aging | |
Diseases that specifically affect B-cell responses:
| |
Diseases associated with loss of antibody:
| |
Immunosuppressive therapy:
| |
Insufficient number of PMNs | Cyclic or drug-induced neutropenia |
Leukemia | |
Aplastic anemia | |
Abnormal PMN function | Diabetes mellitus (poorly controlled) |
Chronic liver disease (also multifactorial) | |
Chronic renal disease (also multifactorial) | |
Glucocorticoids | |
Altered splenic function | Splenectomy |
Hyposplenism | |
Hemoglobinopathy | |
Multifactorial (also poorly defined) | Malnutrition |
Alcohol use disorder | |
Other chronic diseases | |
Hospitalization | |
Physical or emotional stress | |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | |
Increased exposure | Daycare centers |
Military training camps | |
Prisons | |
Homeless shelters | |
Anatomic susceptibility | Cerebrospinal fluid leak |
Devices present in subarachnoid space | |
Cochlear implant | |
Inflammatory joint disease | |
Active or recent respiratory viral infection |
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