* Assess for effective ventilation clinically by observing chest rise, mask or device seal, and bag compliance while squeezing.
¶ Other reasons for intubation include airway soiled with emesis or blood, need for a procedure.
Adapted from Brown: The Walls Manual of Emergency Airway Management, 6th edition, Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2022 and The Difficult Airway Course (www.theairwaysite.com). Used with permission.