CT: computed tomography; IE: infective endocarditis; TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram; TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram.
* Criteria for suspected left-sided native valve IE are discussed in the text (refer to the UpToDate topic on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of left-sided native valve IE).
¶ If TEE is nondiagnostic, cardiac CT may facilitate evaluation for paravalvular abscess. In addition, cardiac CT may be useful alternative modality for patients unable to undergo TEE. Decisions regarding advanced cardiac imaging should be made in consultation with infectious disease, cardiology, and/or cardiac surgery specialists.
Δ Anatomic indications for surgery include (1) IE-associated valve dysfunction causing heart failure and (2) paravalvular extension of infection with development of abscess, fistula, and/or heart block (refer to UpToDate topic on surgery for left-sided native valve IE for further discussion).Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?