Type of tumor or cancer suspected | Recommendations for oncologic screening |
SCLC and malignant thymoma | CT chest ± FDG-PET/CT. For thymomas, chest MRI might be useful as well, especially in children. |
Breast cancer | Mammography (breast US in young females and/or dense breast) ± breast MRI. If negative, FDG-PET/CT. |
Ovarian teratoma | Transvaginal US (may not be feasible in young patients) ± MRI pelvis/abdomen. If negative, CT chest searching for extrapelvic teratomas. |
Ovarian carcinoma | Transvaginal US ± MRI abdomen/pelvis or FDG-PET/CT. |
Testicular tumors | US ± CT of the pelvic region; MRI might be an alternative to CT, especially in children. Orchiectomy is recommended in males <50 years old with microcalcifications on US, confirmed Ma2 antibodies, and a compatible neurologic phenotype. FDG-PET/CT is recommended when retroperitoneal or mediastinal germ cell tumors are suspected based on unremarkable testicular US or the detection of regressed tumors on testicular biopsy. |
Hodgkin lymphoma | Full-body CT or FDG-PET/CT. |
Neuroblastoma | CT ± MRI (CT is usually more sensitive since it identifies calcifications more easily, but MRI is preferred for staging of thoracic tumors); chest radiograph, abdominal US, and metabolic investigations lack sensitivity. |
Unknown | Full-body CT followed, if negative, by FDG-PET/CT. |
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