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SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: Omicron sublineages[1,2]

SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: Omicron sublineages[1,2]
Notable Omicron sublineages Comments Circulating widely in 2024?
BA.1.1.529
  • Original Omicron variant
  • Designated a Variant of Concern in November 2021
 No
BA.1   No
BA.2   No
BA.4/BA.5
  • Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in the United States were based on BA.4/BA.5 and original virus spike proteins
 No
XBB/XBB.1/XBB.1.5/XBB.1.6
  • Recombinant of BA.2.10.1 and BA.2.75 sublineage
  • Updated 2023 to 2024 formula COVID-19 vaccines are based on the XBB.1.5 spike protein
 No
EG.5
  • Has mutation F456L*
 No
JN.1
  • Descendant of BA.2.86 sublineage, which had multiple spike protein mutations compared with its parent lineage, BA.2
  • Recognized by the monoclonal antibody pemivibart
 Yes

SARS-CoV-2 variants are designated "Variants of Concern" if they are more transmissible, associated with greater risk of severe disease, substantially evade neutralization by vaccine- or infection-induced antibodies, result in reduced antiviral effectiveness, or escape detection by diagnostic tests. The Omicron parent variant (B.1.1.529) was designated a Variant of Concern in late 2021. Since then, Omicron sublineages have been the predominant circulating variants globally. Prior Variants of Concern that are no longer circulating are the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants.

In the United States, the proportion of circulating variants in each state can be found on the CDC website.

CDC: United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

* Mutation F456L is located in the spike receptor binding domain and predicts escape from antibody neutralization.
References:
  1. World Health Organization. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. Available at: https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants (Accessed on April 4, 2024).
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-classifications.html (Accessed on April 4, 2024).
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