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The autoinflammatory diseases

The autoinflammatory diseases
Diseases of inflammasomes and related IL-1-family cytokines
  • Pyrin inflammasome
    • Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
    • Pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND)
    • Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS)
    • Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA)
    • Hyperzincemia/hypercalprotectinemia (HZ/HC)
    • Periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia (PFIT)
    • Neonatal onset of pancytopenia, autoinflammation, rash, and episodes of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (NOCARH) syndrome
  • NALP3/cryopyrin inflammasome
    • Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS)
    • Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS)
    • Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disorder (NOMID)
    • Majeed syndrome/lipin 2 (LPIN2)
  • NLRC4 inflammasome
    • Autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis (AIFEC)
  • NLRP12 inflammasome
    • Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 2 (FCAS2)
  • NLRP1 inflammasome
    • Multiple self-healing palmoplantar carcinoma (MSPC)
    • Familial keratosis lichenoides chronica (FKLC)
    • NLRP1-associated autoinflammation with arthritis and dyskeratosis (NAIAD)
  • AIM2 inflammasome (none described)
  • Noncanonical inflammasome (none described)
  • Deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA)
  • Deficiency of the IL-36 receptor antagonist (DITRA)
Diseases of interferon production and signaling
  • Impaired degradation or processing of endogenous nucleic acids
    • AGS1 – Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1)
    • AGS2 – Ribonuclease H2 endonuclease complex subunit B (RNASEH2B)
    • AGS3 – Ribonuclease H2 endonuclease complex subunit C (RNASEH2C)
    • AGS4 – Ribonuclease H2 endonuclease complex subunit A (RNASEH2A)
    • AGS5 – SAM domain and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1)
    • AGS6 – Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1)
    • DNase II deficiency
    • Polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1 (PNPT1) – Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) deficiency
  • Enhanced nucleic acid sensing
    • Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI)
    • AGS7 – Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (IFIH1), encoding melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)
  • Proteasome dysfunction
    • Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatitis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) – Multiple genes
  • Amplified interferon receptor signaling
    • Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (UPS18) – Pseudo-toxoplasmosis, other (syphilis), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (pseudo-TORCH) syndrome
    • ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15)
Diseases of NFkB and/or TNF activity
  • Haploinsufficiency of A20/TNF-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)
  • Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) – Blau syndrome
  • NFkB essential modulator (NEMO)
  • RELA haploinsufficiency
  • Retinal dystrophy, optic nerve edema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and headache (ROSAH) syndrome
  • Disorders of linear ubiquitination
    • OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS; ie, otulipenia)
    • Deficiency of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) – Heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HOIL-1L), HOIL-1 interacting protein (HOIP)
    • Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory and somatic (VEXAS)
  • Aberrant TNF activity
    • TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS)
    • TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome 11 (TRAPS11) – TNF receptor superfamily member 11A (TNFRSF11A)
    • Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2)
Autoinflammation mediated by miscellaneous mechanisms
  • Coatomer protein complex subunit alpha (COPA) syndrome
  • PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (PLAID)/autoinflammation and PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID)
  • Sideroblastic anemia with B cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD)
  • Cleavage-resistant receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) induced autoinflammatory (CRIA) syndrome
  • Lyn kinase-associated vasculopathy and liver fibrosis (LAVLI)
  • Disorders of complement activation
AGS: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome; AIM2: absent in melanoma 2; IL: interleukin; NALP3: NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3; NFkB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NLRC4: Nod-like receptor family, caspase recruitment domain-containing 4; NLRP: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing; OTULIN: OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity; PLCG2: phospholipase C gamma 2; RNA: ribonucleic acid; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
Courtesy of Peter A Nigrovic, MD.
Graphic 130004 Version 2.0

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