- Cognitive behavioral: identify distressing negative cognitions and beliefs; increasing psychological flexibility, mindfulness-based stress reduction, relaxation training, biofeedback
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- Physical: activity coaching, graded exercise (land and aquatic) with physical training, class, trainer, and/or solo; TENS use while physically active
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- Spiritual: identify and seek meaningfulness and purpose of life
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- Education (patient and family): improve health literacy, motivate patients to initiate and sustain efforts that increase function, mood, sleep, and quality of life.
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