Drug | Dose | Description |
Norepinephrine | 1 to 20 mcg/minute or 0.01 to 0.3 mcg/kg/minute | Alpha1- and beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist; adrenergic-mediated vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction and beta-receptor-mediated release of AT-II in kidneys |
Vasopressin | 0.01 to 0.04 units/minute | Vasopressin1 and vasopressin2 receptor agonist; direct vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction and increased permeability of collecting ducts to water |
Phenylephrine | 10 to 100 mcg/minute or 0.1 to 1 mcg/kg/minute | Alpha1-selective adrenergic receptor agonist; adrenergic-mediated vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction |
Methylene blue | 1 to 2 mg/kg IV over 10 to 20 minutes, followed by 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/hour infusion | Inhibits NOS and GC activation to inhibit vascular smooth muscle relaxation |
Angiotensin II | Start at 10 to 20 ng/kg/minute, then titrate every 5 minutes by up to 15 ng/kg/minute increments to a maximum dose of 80 ng/kg/minute for the first 3 hours. The maximum maintenance dose should not exceed 40 ng/kg/minute. | Octapeptide that causes venous and arterial smooth muscle vasoconstriction and acts on the CNS to increase vasopressin production |
Hydroxocobalamin | 5 g IV over 5 to 10 minutes | Vitamin B12 form that causes direct binding of NO and inhibitory effects on NOS and GC to inhibit vascular smooth muscle relaxation |
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