Primary PRCA |
Idiopathic (autoimmune) |
Initial presentation of MDS |
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC)* |
Secondary PRCA |
Drugs |
Chlorpropamide |
Erythropoietin (EPO, recombinant) |
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA4, PD1, or PDL1) |
Mycophenolate mofetil |
Phenytoin |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
Zidovudine |
Infections |
B19 parvovirus (transient or chronic) |
Epstein-Barr virus |
HIV |
Viral hepatitis |
Immune disorders |
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplant |
Neoplasms |
Lymphoid
|
Myeloid
|
Other
|
Pregnancy |
PRCA: pure red cell aplasia; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; EPO: erythropoietin; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4; PD1: programmed cell death-1; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; LGL: large granular lymphocyte; NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CML: chronic myelogenous leukemia; PMF: primary myelofibrosis.
* TEC is an acute, self-limited PRCA seen only in childhood. It is the most common cause of PRCA in children and typically occurs in previously healthy children. The precise mechanism is unknown. Refer to the UpToDate discussion of PRCA in children for details.Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?