Condition | Typical age group/risk groups | Clinical features |
Nonspecific musculoskeletal pain and muscle strain | ||
Nonspecific musculoskeletal pain (common) |
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Muscle strain (common) |
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Thoracic spine pain | ||
Scheuermann (juvenile) kyphosis (common) |
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Thoracic or lumbar spine pain | ||
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (without activity-limiting pain) (common) |
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Intervertebral disc calcification (rare) |
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Lumbar or lumbosacral spine pain | ||
Hyperlordotic low back pain (common) (Also called mechanical back pain) |
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Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (Bertolotti syndrome) |
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Referred pain | ||
UPJ obstruction (uncommon) |
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Cholecystitis (uncommon) |
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Widespread pain (not limited to back) | ||
Pain amplification/chronic pain syndromes (eg, fibromyalgia) |
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