Absolute contraindications to TEE |
History of esophagectomy |
Planned esophagectomy |
Operations involving the pharynx, esophagus, or stomach |
Perforated viscus |
Esophageal stricture |
Esophageal tumor |
Esophageal perforation, laceration |
Esophageal diverticulum |
Active upper GI bleed |
Relative contraindications to TEE |
History of radiation to neck and mediastinum |
History of GI surgery |
Recent upper GI bleed |
Barrett's esophagus |
History of dysphagia |
Known or suspected cervical spine injury |
Restriction of neck mobility (severe cervical arthritis, atlantoaxial joint disease) |
Symptomatic hiatal hernia |
Esophageal varices |
Coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia |
Active esophagitis |
Zenker's or hypopharyngeal diverticulum |
Active peptic ulcer disease |
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