Reproductive tract |
Gynecologic: Infectious - Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Endometritis
- Salpingitis
- Tubo-ovarian abscess
|
Gynecologic: Noninfectious - Dysmenorrhea
- Ovarian cyst (ruptured or intact)
- Endometriosis
- Uterine leiomyoma (fibroid): Degenerating or not
- Adenomyosis
- Mittelschmerz (midcycle ovulatory pain)
- Adnexal torsion (ovary and/or fallopian tube)
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Endosalpingiosis
- Uterine perforation (in women who have undergone a uterine procedure)
- Asherman's syndrome
- Neoplasm
|
Pregnancy-related |
First trimester - Threatened abortion
- Ectopic pregnancy, including heterotopic pregnancy
- Corpus luteum hematoma
- Incomplete abortion
- Septic abortion
- Uterine impaction
|
Second and third trimesters - Preterm labor
- Chorioamnionitis
- Placental abruption
- Degenerating uterine leiomyoma (fibroid)
- Medical complications during pregnancy, such as appendicitis
- Round ligament stretch
|
Postpartum - Endometritis
- Wound infection (cesarean section, laceration, or episiotomy repair)
- Ovarian vein thrombosis or septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
|
Gastrointestinal |
Appendicitis |
Irritable bowel syndrome |
Diverticulitis |
Inflammatory bowel disease |
Fecal impaction or constipation |
Gastroenteritis |
Mesenteric lymphadenitis |
Abdominopelvic adhesions |
Perforated viscus |
Bowel obstruction |
Incarcerated or strangulated hernia |
Ischemic bowel |
Hirschsprung disease[1] |
Intussusception[2] |
Meckel's diverticulum[3] |
Volvulus[4] |