Parameter | Mild | Moderate | Severe |
Structural parameters | |||
LV size | Normal* | Normal or dilated | Usually dilated¶ |
Prosthetic valveΔ | Usually normal | Abnormal◊ | Abnormal◊ |
Doppler parameters | |||
Color flow jet areaħ | Small, central jet (usually <4 cm2 or <20% of LA area) | Variable | Large central jet (usually >8 cm2 or >40% of LA area) or variable size wall-impinging jet swirling in left atrium |
Flow convergence¥ | None or minimal | Intermediate | Large |
Jet density: CW DopplerΔ | Incomplete or faint | Dense | Dense |
Jet contour: CW DopplerΔ | Parabolic | Usually parabolic | Early peaking, triangular |
Pulmonary venous flowΔ | Systolic dominance‡ | Systolic blunting‡ | Systolic flow reversal† |
Quantitative parameters** | |||
VC widthΔ | <0.3 cm | 0.3 to 0.59 cm | ≥0.6 cm |
Regurgitant volume | <30 mL/beat | 30 to 59 mL/beat | ≥60 mL/beat |
Regurgitant fraction | <30% | 30 to 49% | ≥50% |
EROA | <0.20 cm2 | 0.20 to 0.49 cm2 | ≥0.50 cm2 |
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