Outcome | Continuous labor support (eg, doula) versus usual care: Relative risk (95% CI) |
Increase in spontaneous vaginal births | 1.08 (1.04-1.12) |
Reduction in cesarean delivery | 0.75 (0.64-0.88) |
Reduction in need of medication for pain relief | 0.90 (0.84-0.96) |
Reduction in use of epidural anesthesia | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) |
Reduction in instrumented vaginal delivery | 0.90 (0.85-0.96) |
Reduction in low five-minute Apgar scores | 0.62 (0.46-0.85) |
Reduction in negative childbirth experiences | 0.69 (0.59-0.79) |
Reduction in length of labor | Weighted mean difference: 0.69 hours (–1.04 to –0.34) |
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