Malignant disease |
- Airway obstruction from extrinsic compression
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- Endobronchial tumor with residual obstruction after bronchoscopic resection
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- Mixed endobronchial and extrinsic tumor
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- Loss of cartilage support from tumor destruction
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- Malignant tracheoesphageal fistula
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Benign disease |
- Simple or complex strictures not amenable to surgical treatment
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- Strictures that have failed attempts at bronchoscopic dilation or resection
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- Strictures in patients who are poor candidates for surgery
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- Strictures following lung transplant surgery
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- Expiratory airway complex (eg, malacia or excessive airway dynamic collapse; stents placed as a therapeutic trial or for definitive therapy)
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- Benign tracheoesophageal fistula
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