Condition | Associated features |
Pregnancy-associated conditions* | |
Preeclampsia | By definition, preeclampsia occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. Hypertension is present. Preeclampsia with severe features is a subset of preeclampsia; refer to UpToDate for diagnostic criteria. |
HELLP syndrome | Microangiopathic hemolysis (with schistocytes), platelet count <100,000/microL, increased hepatic transaminases. |
DIC | Coagulation abnormalities, anemia. If due to infection, fever, leukocytosis, and/or leukopenia may be present. |
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy | Increased hepatic transaminases. |
Hereditary TTP or hereditary C-TMA | Microangiopathic hemolysis (with schistocytes). In hereditary TTP, there may be neurologic or psychiatric findings. In C-TMI, there is almost always AKI. |
Conditions unrelated to the pregnancy¶ | |
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) | Generally asymptomatic except for petechiae and/or bleeding manifestations. |
Hereditary thrombocytopenia | Abnormal platelet morphology may be present. Some hereditary thrombocytopenia syndromes are associated with other findings such as radial (thumb) anomalies. |
Infection (viral, bacterial) | Fever, rash, localizing symptoms. Leukocytosis or leukopenia may be present. |
SLE or APS | SLE may have other disease manifestations and/or other cytopenias; APS may have a prolonged baseline aPTT or PT; prolonged aPTT is more common. |
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia | Exposure to implicated medications or quinine. |
von Willebrand disease | History of increased bleeding or bruising; the aPTT may be prolonged in some cases. |
HIV infection | Leukopenia and/or lymphadenopathy may be present. |
HCV infection | Increased hepatic transaminases. |
Hypersplenism | Underlying liver disease; splenomegaly on examination. |
Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate | Macrocytic anemia. In vitamin B12 deficiency, there may be neurologic or psychiatric findings. |
Acquired TTP or HUS | Microangiopathic hemolysis (with schistocytes). In TTP, there may be neurologic or psychiatric abnormalities. In HUS, AKI is typically present and there may be a preceding diarrheal illness. |
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