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Conditions and disorders commonly associated with intellectual disability in children

Conditions and disorders commonly associated with intellectual disability in children
Developmental and mental health disorders
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Autism spectrum disorder
  • Depression and suicidality
  • Developmental coordination disorder
  • Disruptive and/or aggressive behaviors
  • Eating and feeding disorders (eg, pica and rumination disorder)
  • Learning disabilities
  • Oppositional defiant disorder
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder
  • Stereotypic movements
  • Self-injurious behavior
  • Substance abuse
  • Wandering
Medical and physical conditions
  • Cerebral palsy and other motor impairments
  • Congenital heart defects (eg, atrioventricular canal defects in children with Down syndrome)
  • Constipation
  • Dental caries
  • Endocrine abnormalities (eg, hypothyroidism, short stature)
  • Feeding difficulty and/or swallowing dysfunction
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Hearing loss
  • Lead poisoning
  • Obesity
  • Seizures
  • Sleep disorders (behavioral sleep problems and/or obstructive sleep apnea)
  • Undescended testes
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Vision impairment (eg, strabismus, cataracts, refractive errors)
Other
  • Physical and sexual abuse
This table summarizes conditions that are commonly associated with ID in childhood and adolescence. Numerous medical, physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric conditions are associated with ID; the list in the above table is not comprehensive. Care should be taken to promptly identify and address comorbid conditions in youth with ID. For additional details, refer to UpToDate topics on ID in childhood.
ID: intellectual disability.
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