Normal | Suspicious | Pathological | |
Baseline | 110 to 160 bpm | Lacking at least one characteristic of normality, but with no pathological features | <100 bpm |
Variability | 5 to 25 bpm | Lacking at least one characteristic of normality, but with no pathological features | Reduced variability, increased variability, or sinusoidal pattern |
Decelerations | No repetitive¶ decelerations | Lacking at least one characteristic of normality, but with no pathological features | Repetitive¶ late or prolonged decelerations during >30 minutes or 20 minutes if reduced variability, or one prolonged deceleration with >5 minutes |
Interpretation | Fetus with no hypoxia/acidosis | Fetus with a low probability of having hypoxia/acidosis | Fetus with a high probability of having hypoxia/acidosis |
Clinical management | No intervention necessary to improve fetal oxygenation state | Action to correct reversible causes if identified, close monitoring or additional methods to evaluate fetal oxygenation[1] | Immediate action to correct reversible causes, additional methods to evaluate fetal oxygenation[1], or if this is not possible expedite delivery In acute situations (cord prolapse, uterine rupture, or placental abruption) immediate delivery should be accomplished |
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