Hypovolemia | Tamponade | Right heart failure | Inflow cannula obstruction | Outflow cannula obstruction | Sepsis | |
JVP | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ or normal |
Extremities | Cold | Cold | Normal or cold | Normal or cold | Normal or cold | Warm |
Echocardiogram | Underfilled RV, small LV | RV compression, small LV | RAE/RVE, small LV, ventricular arrhythmia | LAE, LVE, aortic valve opening | LAE, LVE, aortic valve opening | Small LV |
Prevalence | Frequent | Occasional, typically post operative | Common | Infrequent | Infrequent | Common |
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