CIED: cardiac implantable electronic device; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; PM: pacemaker; EMI: electromagnetic interference.
* Refer to UpToDate topics addressing perioperative management of patients with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
¶ Factors considered by the CIED physician/care team in developing a perioperative management plan:Δ Refer to related UpToDate content.
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