The FITT of the Ex Rx | Professional committee/organization | ||||
JNC 8[1] and AHA/ACC Lifestyle Work Group[2] | AHA[3] | ACSM[4] | ESH/ESC[5] | CHEP[6] | |
Frequency (how often?) | 3 to 4 sessions/week ≥12 weeks | Most days of the week | Most, preferably all, days of the week | 5 to 7 days/week | 4 to 7 days/week in addition to habitual daily activity |
Intensity (how hard?) | Moderate to vigorous* | Moderate to high, >40 to 60% of maximum | Moderate 40 to <60% of VO2reserve | Moderate* | Moderate* |
Time (how long?) | 40 minutes/session | 150 minutes/week | 30 to 60 minutes continuous or accumulated in bouts ≥10 minutes each | ≥30 minutes/day | Accumulation of 30 to 60 minutes/day |
Type (what kind?) Primary | Aerobic | Aerobic | Aerobic | Aerobic | Dynamic exercise (aerobic) |
Evidence rating | "High"¶Δ Grade B¶Δ Class IIa level of evidence A◊ | Class 1 level of evidence A◊ | Evidence category A,§¥ evidence category B§¥ | Class 1 level of evidence A-B‡ | Grade D†,** |
Adjuvant | Dynamic RT | Dynamic RT 2 to 3 days/week Moderate 60 to 80% 1-RM, 8 to 12 repetitions | Dynamic RT 2 to 3 days/week | Dynamic, isometric, or handgrip RT | |
Evidence rating | Class IIa level of evidence B◊ | Evidence category B§,¶¶ | Grade D† | ||
BP reduction (mmHg) | 1 to 5 | 5 to 7 among those with hypertension | 2 to 3 overall; 5 to 7 among those with hypertension |
ACC: American College of Cardiology; ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine; AHA: American Heart Association; BP: blood pressure; CHEP: Canadian Hypertension Education Program; ESC: European Society of Cardiology; ESH: European Society of Hypertension; Ex Rx: exercise prescription; FITT: Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of the exercise prescription; JNC 8: Eighth Joint National Committee; NHLBI: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; RT: resistance training; 1-RM: one repetition maximum; VO2reserve: oxygen uptake reserve.
* Moderate intensity is defined as 40 to <60% VO2reserve or an intensity that causes noticeable increases in heart rate and breathing; vigorous or high intensity is defined as ≥60% VO2reserve or an intensity that causes substantial increases in heart rate and breathing.
¶ The NHLBI[2] rating system grades the strength of the evidence (Evidence Statement) and the strength of the recommendation(s) (Evidence Recommendation); adapted from the US Preventive Services Task Force.[7]
Δ The Lifestyle Work Group rated the Evidence Statement for aerobic exercise to lower blood pressure as "high"†; the Evidence Recommendation for the Ex Rx (or FITT) to lower blood pressure was rated grade B¶ or "moderate"; corresponding to class IIa level of evidence A◊.
◊ Classification of recommendations and level of evidence per AHA guideline criteria.[3,8,9]
§ NHLBI grading of evidence.[10]
¥ The strength of evidence was rated: Evidence category B§ for the immediate effects of aerobic exercise or postexercise hypotension; evidence category A§ for aerobic exercise to lower blood pressure; evidence category B§ for the recommended aerobic Ex Rx (or FITT) to lower blood pressure.
‡ ESC recommendations.[11]
† CHEP graded recommendations by the underlying evidence[12] using grade A (strongest evidence, based on high-quality studies) to grade D (weakest evidence, based on low-power imprecise studies or expert opinion alone).
** CHEP assigned grade D† to "higher intensity exercise is not more effective."
¶¶ The strength of evidence was rated evidence category C‡ for the immediate effects of dynamic resistance exercise or postexercise hypotension.Original table modified for this publication. From: Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Ash GI, et al. Assessing the Existing Professional Exercise Recommendations for Hypertension: A Review and Recommendations for Future Research Priorities. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:801. Table used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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