Management of nonpalpable regional lymph nodes in penile squamous cell carcinoma
Management of nonpalpable regional lymph nodes in penile squamous cell carcinoma
LND: lymph node dissection; LAP: laparoscopic; RAIL: robotic-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy; DNSB: dynamic sentinel node biopsy. * DSNB and minimally invasive (eg, RAIL and LAP) surgical techniques are limited to centers with appropriate expertise. ¶ Management with surveillance requires adequate compliance. DNSB or inguinal LND is an alternative if the patient is unable or unwilling to comply. Δ If not completed as a component of initial lymph node evaluation. ◊ Ipsilateral pelvic LND based upon ipsilateral findings at inguinal LND. § Patients should be offered adjuvant therapy. Refer to UpToDate content on management of penile carcinoma.