Period | Risk factors |
Perinatal | Maternal iron deficiency |
Prematurity | |
Administration of erythropoietin for anemia of prematurity | |
Perinatal hemorrhagic events (eg, twin-twin transfusion or fetal-maternal hemorrhage) | |
Infancy | Dietary risk factors:
|
Other risk factors:
| |
1 to <12 years | Dietary risk factors:
|
Other risk factors:
|
GI: gastrointestinal.
* For all breastfed infants, iron supplements should be introduced by 2 weeks for premature infants and by 4 months for term infants and should be continued until sufficient iron is supplied by complementary foods.
¶ Unmodified cow's milk (nonformula cow's milk) increases intestinal blood loss in infants as compared with formula feeding or breastfeeding.
Δ Iron-rich complementary foods include infant cereals and pureed meats and should be introduced by 6 months. Refer to UpToDate content on prevention of iron deficiency in infants and young children.
◊ In children 1 to 5 years old, cow's milk should be limited to no more than 20 oz (600 mL) daily.
§ Preschool-aged children should have at least 3 servings/day of iron-rich foods (eg, fortified breakfast cereal or meats).Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?