General: - Normal activity inhibited
- Monitoring or medical assistance at home within two months
- Hospital admission within two months
- Obesity (BMI >40 kg/m2)
- Frailty
- Malnourishment
- Coronary artery disease
- Arrhythmias
- Systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg
- Heart failure
- Asthma, severe
- COPD with symptoms
- Exacerbation or progression of COPD or asthma within two months
- Previous airway surgery
- Unusual airway anatomy
- Airway tumor or obstruction
- Home ventilatory assistance or monitoring
- OSA without PAP therapy
- Diabetes requiring insulin therapy
- Adrenal disorders
- Active thyroid disease
- Seizure disorder
- CNS disease (eg, multiple sclerosis)
- Myopathy or other muscle disorders
- Active hepatobiliary disease or compromise
- Renal insufficiency or failure
- Kyphosis or scoliosis compromising function
- Temporomandibular joint disorder limiting mouth opening
- Cervical or thoracic spine injury/disease
- Chemo- or radiotherapy within last two months
- Significant physiologic compromise from disease or treatment
| Age: - >65 years, unless surgery is minor (eg, cataract, cystoscopy) and under monitored anesthesia care
- Patient or parent/guardian cannot hear, speak, or understand the language of clinicians
- Patient has had previous difficult intubation, paralysis or nerve damage during anesthesia, or patient or family has had previous elevated temperature during anesthesia, is allergic to succinylcholine, has malignant hyperthermia or pseudocholinesterase deficiency
- Intraoperative blood transfusion likely
- ICU admission likely
- High-risk surgery
- Patient is pregnant (unless the procedure is termination)
|