Common causes of fever in the tropics by geographic area

Geographic area	Common fever-causing tropical diseases	Other infections causing outbreaks or clusters of disease among travelers
Caribbean	Chikungunya Dengue Malaria (on the island of Hispaniola) Zika	Histoplasmosis, acute Leptospirosis
Central America	Chikungunya Dengue Malaria (primarily Plasmodium vivax) Typhoid or paratyphoid fever Zika	Coccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Leishmaniasis Leptospirosis
South America	Chikungunya Dengue Malaria (primarily P. vivax) Zika	Bartonellosis Histoplasmosis Leptospirosis Yellow fever
South-central Asia	Dengue Malaria (primarily non-P. falciparum) Typhoid or paratyphoid fever	Chikungunya Scrub typhus
Southeast Asia	Dengue Malaria (primarily non-P. falciparum)	Chikungunya Leptospirosis
Sub-Saharan Africa	Dengue Malaria (primarily P. falciparum) Tickborne rickettsia (main cause of fever in southern Africa) Schistosomiasis, acute (Katayama fever)	Chikungunya Meningococcal meningitis Trypanosomiasis, African Typhoid or paratyphoid fever

Reproduced from: Wilson ME. Fever in the returned traveler. In: CDC Yellow Book 2024, Nemhauser JB (Ed), Oxford University Press 2023. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/posttravel-evaluation/fever-in-the-returned-traveler (Accessed on September 20, 2023).

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