Location | Year | Age of patient/sex | Transmission | Immunotherapy prior to onset* | Outcome¶ |
United States | 1970 | 6/M[1] | Bat bite | Duck embryo vaccine | Complete recovery |
Argentina | 1972 | 45/F[2] | Dog bite | Suckling mouse brain vaccine | Moderate sequelae |
United States | 1977 | 32/M[3,4] | Laboratory (vaccine strain) | Pre-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
Mexico | 1992 | 9/M[5] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination (combination of vaccines) | Severe sequelaeΔ |
India | 2000 | 6/F[6] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination (combination of vaccines) | Severe sequelae◊ |
United States | 2004 | 15/F[7,8] | Bat bite | No post-exposure therapy | Mild sequelae |
Brazil | 2008 | 15/M[9] | Bat bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
Turkey | 2008 | 17/M[10] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination (one dose) | Complete recovery |
India | 2010 | 8/M[11] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination and rabies immunoglobulin | Severe sequelae (remained alive 5 years after acute illness) |
India | 2011 | 17/M[12] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
South Africa | 2012 | 4/M[13] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
Chile | 2013 | 25/M[14] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination (one dose) | Moderate sequelae |
India | 2014 | 16/M[15,16] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
India | 2014 | 6/M[17] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination and equine rabies immune globulin | Severe sequelae |
India | 2014 | 13/M[18,19] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
India | 2015 | 10/M§[20] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Unknown |
India | 2015 | 5/M§[20] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Unknown |
India | 2015 | 18/F§[20,21] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination and equine rabies immune globulin | Mild sequelae |
India | 2015 | 10/M[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae¥ |
Peru | 2015 | 27/F[23] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae‡ |
India | 2016 | 5/F[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae† |
India | 2017 | 26/M[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Moderate sequelae |
India | 2017 | 9/M[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination and equine rabies immune globulin | Mild sequelae |
India | 2017 | 4/M[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination and equine rabies immune globulin | Severe sequelae |
India | 2017 | 3/F[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Moderate sequelae |
India | 2017 | 5/F[22] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination and human rabies immune globulin | Severe sequelae |
Brazil | 2017 | 14/M[24,25] | Vampire bat bites | None documented | Severe sequelae |
India | 2018 | 8/M[26] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
India | 2018 | 11/M[27] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
India | 2019 | 4/M[28] | Dog bite | Post-exposure vaccination | Severe sequelae |
* None of these survivors received timely administration of a full course of a recommended rabies post-exposure prophylaxis regimen.
¶ Outcomes include complete recovery, mild sequelae (eg, mild dysarthria, ataxia, and focal dystonia), moderate sequelae (eg, distal paraparesis), and severe sequelae (eg, mute and flaccid quadriplegia). Patients known to survive less than 6 months have been excluded.
Δ Patient died less than 4 years after developing rabies with marked neurologic sequelae (personal communication with L. Alvarez).[5]
◊ Patient died approximately 2 years after developing rabies with marked neurological sequelae (personal communication with S. Mahusudana).[6]
§ Additional information following conclusion of related study provided by R. S. Mani, MD, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
¥ Patient died 6 months after developing rabies with marked neurologic sequelae.
‡ Patient died 19 months after developing rabies with marked neurological sequelae after therapy in an induced coma for 16 months.
† Patient died 8 months after developing rabies with marked neurologic sequelae.Adapted from: Jackson AC. Therapy of human rabies. In Rabies: Scientific basis of the Disease and its Management, 4th Edition, Fooks AR, Jackson AC (Eds), Elsevier Academic Press 2020.
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