Nighttime symptoms |
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- Labored breathing; paradoxical abdominal movements
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- Apneas, pauses in breathing, or gasping
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- Restless or agitated sleep
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- Sleeping in unusual positions (neck extended)
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- Nighttime sweating, preference for minimal clothing
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- Nocturnal enuresis or nocturia
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- Sleepwalking, sleep terrors, or confusional arousals
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Daytime symptoms |
- Mouth breathing, hyponasal speech
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- Poor school functioning or other behavioral concerns (inattentiveness, difficulty learning, hyperactivity, impulsivity, irritability, rebelliousness, aggression)
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- Sleepiness (eg, falls asleep at school or in the car, or excessive napping)
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Potential consequences in childhood |
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or disruptive behavior disorders
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- Poor growth (especially in infants and young children)
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- Altered cardiac morphology (right and left ventricular hypertrophy)
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