Thoracoscopic view of subpleural blebs and bulla

The pictures show a thoracoscopic view of bullae and blebs associated with spontaneous pneumothorax. Those shown in Panels A and C are largely intact. In Panel B, the bulla was likely ruptured by the operator to improve the field of view. To excise these lesions, the base of a bulla can be stapled, with or without buttressing material, thereby decreasing the chance of air leak from the surface of the lung.