Acute | Chronic | |
Pain | Acute vaso-occlusive pain episodes, acute chest syndrome | Pain from tissue infarction, osteonecrosis, ulcers |
Infection | Sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis | Functional asplenia, leg ulcers, osteomyelitis |
Anemia | Aplastic crisis, splenic sequestration crisis, hyperhemolytic crisis | Compensated hemolytic anemia, chronic hypersplenism |
CNS | Ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, TIA | Silent cerebral infarctions, cognitive delay, behavioral issues |
Pulmonary | Acute chest syndrome, asthma, pulmonary fat embolism, pulmonary thromboembolism | Pulmonary hypertension, sleep disordered breathing, chronic restrictive lung disease |
Kidney | Kidney infarction, medication toxicity, hematuria, acute kidney injury, acute nephrotic syndrome | Hypertension, chronic kidney failure, concentrating defect, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, renal medullary carcinoma |
Skeletal | Dactylitis, avascular necrosis | Osteoporosis, osteomyelitis |
Cardiac | Myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, sudden death, autonomic dysfunction | Diastolic dysfunction, heart failure |
Hepatobiliary | Hepatic sequestration crisis, cholecystitis, liver injury, acute intrahepatic cholestasis | Pigment gallstones |
Ocular | Retinal artery occlusion, hyphema, retinal detachment | Proliferative retinopathy, blindness |
Obstetric | Fetal and maternal complications | |
Genitourinary | Priapism | Erectile dysfunction |
Endocrine | Delayed puberty, reduced growth | |
Other | Multi-organ failure, venous thromboembolism | Psychosocial stress and decreased mental health |
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