Category | Examples |
Analgesics |
|
Anticancer drugs* |
|
Antimicrobials¶ |
|
Hypoglycemic agents |
|
Immunosuppressants |
|
Psychiatric medications |
|
Pulmonary drugs |
|
Stimulants |
|
Sympathomimetics and decongestants |
|
The magnitude of risk of seizure for various categories and individual agents is not well established. Factors that may contribute to the risk of seizure with medications include overdose, alcohol abuse, organ dysfunction, drug interactions, older age, and a history of seizures. Illicit drugs use, herbs/natural remedies (eg, guarana), nonprescription supplements, and abrupt withdrawal from chronic alcohol use and certain prescription medicines (eg, antiseizure medications, baclofen, benzodiazepines) are also associated with seizure.
This table is not all-inclusive. For detailed prescribing information, including reported adverse effects, readers should refer to the individual drug information topics within UpToDate. Comprehensive information on drug interactions can be determined using the drug interaction program included within UpToDate.* For more details and additional anti-cancer drugs that have been associated with seizures, refer to UpToDate topic reviews on the neurologic complications of anticancer therapies.
¶ Among antibiotics, evidence for an association is strongest for unsubstituted penicillins, fourth-generation cephalosporins, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin in combination with renal dysfunction, brain lesions, and epilepsy[1].
Δ Seizures are a manifestation of pyridoxal-5-phosphate deficiency; they respond to pyridoxine and benzodiazepine treatment. Refer to UpToDate topic review on isoniazid poisoning.
◊ Clozapine has a higher risk of seizure than most other antipsychotics[2]; refer to UpToDate topic review on guidelines for prescribing clozapine in schizophrenia for more information.
§ Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include: furazolidone, isocarboxazid, linezolid, moclobemide, pargyline, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine.
¥ Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors do not increase seizure risk in patients with epilepsy when used in therapeutic doses, but may be proconvulsant at toxic doses[3,4].Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?