- Opioids
- Benzodiazepines
- Sedative-hypnotic agents
- Volatile inhalational anesthetics
- Anticholinergic agents
- Neuromuscular blockers
- Preoperative self-administered prescription or illicit drugs or alcohol
| - Hypoxemia
- Hypercapnia
- Hypothermia
- Hyperthermia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Hyponatremia
- Hypernatremia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypothyrodism
| - Acute stroke
- Seizures
- Elevated intracranial pressure
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- Hyperperfusion syndrome
|