Name of disorder | Mechanism | Cause(s) |
Conditions with a decrease in urinary volume |
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) | Nonphysiologic or inappropriate ADH release | - Postoperative state
- CNS disease – Meningitis, brain tumors, head injury
- Pulmonary disease – Pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma
- Immobilization
- Drugs
- Antidepressants (eg, SSRIs)
- Antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol)
- Seizure medications (eg, carbamazepine)
- Chemotherapeutic agents (eg, vincristine, cisplatin, vinblastine)
- Opiates
- Response to pain, stress, or anxiety
|
"Hereditary" SIADH | Enhanced renal ADH receptor response | - Gain-of-function variants in the renal vasopressin 2 receptor gene
|
Conditions with an increase in urinary volume |
Arginine vasopressin deficiency (previously called central diabetes insipidus) | Impaired ADH release | - CNS tumors (eg, craniopharyngioma)
- Congenital brain abnormalities (eg, septo-optic dysplasia)
- Brain trauma or injury (eg, complication of brain surgery)
- Genetic diseases
- Anorexia nervosa
|
Arginine vasopressin resistance (previously called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) | Impaired renal ADH receptor response | - Congenital disorders (eg, loss-of-function variant in renal vasopressin 2 receptor gene, renal tubulopathy [Bartter syndrome])
- Drugs (eg, lithium toxicity, foscarnet, ifosfamide)
- Kidney disorders (eg, bilateral urinary tract obstruction, sickle cell nephropathy)
|