Classification | Clinical and laboratory features | Pathological features |
Required for all:
|
| |
Clinico-pathologically defined IBM | Knee extension weakness ≥ hip flexion weakness and/or Finger flexion weakness > shoulder abduction weakness | All of the above features |
Clinically defined IBM | Knee extension weakness ≥ hip flexion weakness and Finger flexion weakness > shoulder abduction weakness | 1 or more of above features |
Probable IBM | Knee extension weakness ≥ hip flexion weakness or Finger flexion weakness > shoulder abduction weakness | 1 or more of above features |
CK: creatine kinase; ENMC: European Neuromuscular Centre; IBM: inclusion body myositis; ULN: upper limit of normal.
* Demonstration of amyloid or other protein accumulation by established methods (eg, for amyloid Congo red, crystal violet, thioflavin T/S; for other proteins p62, SMI-31, TDP-43). Current evidence favors p62 in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but the literature is limited and further work is required.