Bioavailability (%) | Half-life (hours) | Duration of action (hours) | |
Thiazide diuretics* | |||
Bendroflumethiazide | 90 | 3 to 4 | 6 to 12 |
Chlorothiazide | 9 to 56 (dose dependent) | Biphasic: Initially 1 to 2, then ~12 | 6 to 12 |
Hydrochlorothiazide | 65 to 75 | Biphasic: Initially ~5, then 6 to 15 | 6 to 12 |
Thiazide-like diuretics | |||
Chlorthalidone | 65 | 40 to 60¶ | 24 to 72 |
Indapamide | 90 | Biphasic: Initially ~14, then 25 | 16 to 36 |
Metolazone | 65 | 6 to 20 | 18 to 25 |
Loop diuretics | |||
Bumetanide | 80 to 90 | 1 to 1.5 | 4 to 6 |
Furosemide | 47 to 64 (oral absorption is reportedly more variable in organ dysfunction and with gut-wall edema) | 0.5 to 2 | 6 to 8 |
Torsemide | 80 | 3.5 | 6 to 8 |
Ethacrynic acid | ~100 | 2 to 4 | 12 |
Potassium-sparing diuretics | |||
Amiloride | 15 to 25 (variable) | Biphasic: Initially 6 to 9, then ~20 | 24 |
Triamterene | 50 | 2 to 4 | 7 to 9 |
Aldosterone antagonists, potassium sparing | |||
Eplerenone | 69 | 4 to 6 | Insufficient data |
Spironolactone | 65 | 1.5 (15)Δ | 48 to 72 |
* Maximal antihypertensive effect is seen with low doses after several weeks of use.
¶ Prolonged serum half-life of chlorthalidone does not fully predict the duration of clinical effect.
Δ The half-life of one active metabolite, canrenone, is 15 hours.Courtesy of the authors.
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